Clinical manifestations

• Classic triad = wheezing, cough, dyspnea; others include chest tightness, sputum; symptoms typically chronic with episodic exacerbation

• Precipitants (triggers)

respiratory irritants (smoke, perfume, etc.) & allergens (pets, dust mites, pollen, etc.)

infections (URI, bronchitis, sinusitis)

drugs (eg, ASA & NSAIDs via leukotrienes, βB via bronchospasm, MSO4 via histamine)

emotional stress, cold air, exercise (increase in ventilation dries out airways)