Info
🌱 來自: Huppert’s Notes
Renal Cystic Diseases🚧 施工中
Renal Cystic Diseases
Renal cysts
• Classification: Categorized as simple or complex based on imaging appearance
- Simple cysts (thin walled, fluid filled, no enhancement) are very common with advancing age. Typically benign, but may need intervention if size or location causes pain or impaired renal function.
- Complex cysts (enhancement, solid components) have a high risk of malignancy; may require partial or total nephrectomy for tissue examination
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD)
• Etiology: Mutation in PKD1 or PKD2 (chromosome 16), most common hereditary kidney disease in the United States
• Clinical features:
- Onset of hypertension, hematuria, nephrolithiasis in young adulthood (PKD1) or in middle age (PKD2)
- Increased risk for extrarenal diagnoses: Circle of Willis berry aneurysm (risk factor for subarachnoid hemorrhage), hepatic cysts, diverticula, abdominal hernias, and consequences of HTN (e.g., CVD)
• Diagnosis: Combination of family history, genetic testing, and ultrasound showing bilateral kidneys with cysts
• Treatment: No curative treatment. Control hypertension, manage pain (from cyst rupture or pressure). The majority of patients will require dialysis or a kidney transplant.