chest radiograph
Tips:
Are There Many Lung Lesion Can I ?
Consolidation: 水、血、膿
SILHOUETTE SIGN
- heart, aorta, or diaphragm
- bronchopneumonia: Multifocal consolidation
- DIFFUSE CONSOLIDATION: crazy paving
- pulmonary edema
- ARDS
- pulmonary hemorrhage
- Pneumocystis
- Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia
- predominant peribronchial and peripheral distribution
FOCAL AND MULTIFOCAL CONSOLIDATION
EXTENSIVE CONFLUENT AND DIFFUSE CONSOLIDATION
ACUTE CAUSES OF PARENCHYMAL CONSOLIDATION
CHRONIC CAUSES OF PARENCHYMAL CONSOLIDATION
Atelectasis
Obstructive atelectasis
Distal to obstruction of a bronchus
Passive atelectasis
Retraction of lung in the presence of pneumothorax
Compressive atelectasis
Compression by a space-occupying process, such as a pleural effusion, pulmonary mass, or bulla
Adhesive atelectasis
Caused by deficiency of surfactant (e.g., radiation pneumonitis)
Cicatrization atelectasis
Caused by contraction of fibrous tissue as it matures; can be focal (e.g., tuberculosis) or diffuse (e.g., idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis)
Patterns of Atelectasis
S sign of Golden juxtaphrenic peak Luftsichel sign thymic sail sign
Nodules and Masses
CONGENITAL
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation
INFECTIOUS
- Septic embolism
- Lung abscesses
- Invasive aspergillosis
- Candidiasis
NEOPLASTIC
- Pulmonary metastases
- Multicentric adenocarcinoma
- Lymphoma
- Kaposi sarcoma
VASCULITIC
- Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
- Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis
- Rheumatoid nodules
TRAUMATIC
- Hematomas
Interstitial Patterns
- Septal Pattern
- Kerley’s A, B, and C Lines
- Reticular Pattern
- pulmonary fibrosis.
- Cystic Pattern
- Langerhans cell histiocytosis
- Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
- Nodular Pattern
- sarcoidosis
- Tree-in-Bud Pattern
- Ground-Glass Pattern
- Pneumocystis pneumonia
- ARDS
- Limitations of the Pattern Approach
Decreased Lung Density
- mastectomy