back to Aplastic anemia

Etiologies-Aplastic anemia

• idiopathic (½ – ⅔ of cases)

• Stem cell destruction:

  • radiation,
  • chemotherapy,
  • chemicals
  • (eg, benzene)

• medication as etiologies-aplastic anemia

• Viruses (HHV-6, HIV, EBV, parvovirus B19); post-viral hepatic failure (not Hep A/B/C)

• Immune disorders

  • (SLE, GVHD post-HSCT, thymoma)

• PNH (see below); Fanconi’s anemia

• 端粒疾病 Shortened telomeres:

• Somatic mutations:

  • PNH clones in ~50% of aplastic anemia (Haematologica 2010;95:1075)
  • Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria clones in severe aplastic anemia patients treated with horse anti-thymocyte globulin plus cyclosporine | Haematologica

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• Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA)
• Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA)
• B19 parvovirus-mediated transient aplastic crisis (TAC)