Evaluation for the potential causes of heart failure

• ECG: evidence for CAD, LVH, LAE, heart block or low voltage (? infiltrative CMP/DCM)

• TTE: LV & RV size & fxn, valve abnl (cause or consequence?), infiltrative or pericardial dis.

• Cardiac MRI: distinguishes ischemic vs. nonischemic and can help determine etiol. of latter

• Coronary angio (or noninvasive imaging, eg, CT angio); if no CAD, w/u for NICM