Etiologies of Hematuria
Extrarenal (far more common)
- Nephrolithiasis
- Neoplasm: transitional cell, prostate
- Infxn: cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis
- Foley trauma
- BPH
- Schistosoma haematobium
Intrarenal
- Nephrolithiasis or crystalluria
- Neoplasm
- Trauma/exercise
- Vascular: renal infarcts, renal v. thromb., sickle cell
- Glomerular: IgA, thin BM, others
- PKD (NEJM 2008;359:1477)
Wide, overlapping ages for various etiologies, but general guide for common causes:
<20 y: GN, UTI, congenital; 20–60 y: UTI, nephrolithiasis, cancer
60 y ♂: prostatitis, cancer, UTI; >60 y ♀: UTI, cancer