Complications of HTN

腦心管眼腎

Neurologic

TIA/CVA, ruptured aneurysms, vascular dementia

Retinopathy

  • stage I = arteriolar(小動脈) narrowing
  • stage II = copper-wiring, AV nicking
  • stage III = hemorrhages and exudates
  • stage IV = papilledema

Cardiac

CAD, LVH, HF, AF

Vascular

  • aortic dissection,
  • aortic aneurysm (HTN = key risk factor for aneurysms)

Renal

  • proteinuria,
  • renal failure