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🌱 來自: breast cancer

Risk factors-of-breast cancer

• Strongest: Female gender, ↑ age
• ↑ Estrogen: Early menarche, late menopause, late/nulliparity (NEJM 2006;354:270); prolonged HRT (JAMA 2003;289:3243); no increased risk w/ OCP
• Certain benign conditions ↑ risk: Proliferative features (ductal hyperplasia, papilloma, radial scars, sclerosing adenosis); atypia (atypical ductal or lobular hyperplasia); dense breast tissue (decreased mammographic sensitivity)
• No ↑ risk from: Cysts, fibroadenoma, columnar Δs (NEJM 2005;353:229)
• Other: BMI, FHx, smoking, EtOH, prior thoracic irradiation
• Modified Gail model: (<www.cancer.gov/bcrisktool>). Provides 5 y & lifetime risk. Average risk is → <15%. Do not use Gail model if prior Dx of breast CA, DCIS, LCIS, or inherited breast CA