renal-Secondary Causes of Hypertension
Renal parenchymal
(2–3%) h/o DM, polycystic kidney disease, glomerulonephritis CrCl, albuminuria See “Kidney Disease”
Renovascular (1–2%)
Athero (90%) FMD (10%, young women) PAN, scleroderma ARF induced by ACEI/ARB Recurrent flash pulm edema Renal bruit; hypokalemia (NEJM 2009;361:1972) MRA (>90% Se & Sp, less for FMD), CTA, duplex U/S, angio, plasma renin (low Sp)