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Gastric secretions

*   HCl: Produced by parietal cells in the stomach. Stimulated by histamine, vagal stimulation (via ACh), and gastrin. Inhibited by somatostatin, prostaglandin, and chyme. Action: Decreases stomach pH to promote food digestion.

*   Pepsin: Produced by chief cells in the stomach. Stimulated by vagal stimulation (via ACh), local acid. Action: Stimulates protein digestion.

*   Bicarbonate (HCO3-): Neutralizes acid.