Info
🌱 來自: bladder cancer
etiology and clinical manifestations-of-bladder cancer
- RFs:
- Smoking
- aromatic amines,
- occupational exposures
- (metal, paint, rubber, leather, textile),
- chronic infxns,
- cyclophosphamide,
- RT; Hereditary: Lynch syn
- Presenting sxs:
- Painless hematuria (typically intermittent & gross),
- irritative voiding sx (frequency, urgency, dysuria),
- flank or suprapubic pain (symptomatic of locally advanced dz),
- constitutional sx (fatigue, wt loss, failure to thrive) usually symptomatic of met dz