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🌱 來自: Huppert’s Notes
Endocrine Axes🚧 施工中
Endocrine Axes
• Organization: There are five parallel endocrine axes in the hypothalamic-anterior pituitary regulatory system (Figure 5.1)
FIGURE 5.1: Endocrine axes in the hypothalamic–anterior pituitary regulatory system. There are five parallel endocrine axes in the hypothalamic–anterior pituitary regulatory system that control the biosynthesis and release of 1) thyroid hormone, 2) glucocorticoids, 3) the sex steroids estradiol and testosterone, 4) growth hormone, and 5) prolactin. () indicates stimulatory action and () indicates inhibitory action. Abbreviations: TRH, thyrotropin-releasing hormone; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; T4, thyroxine; T3, triiodothyronine; CRH, corticotropin-releasing hormone; VP, vasopressin; ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone; GnRH, gonadotropin-releasing hormone; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; LH, luteinizing hormone; GHRH, growth hormone-releasing hormone; GH, growth hormone; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1; IGF-BP3, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3.
• Chapter organization: For the remainder of this chapter we will organize anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, and treatments by endocrine axis