Info
Hypoxemia
- frist ✅ is the pulseox on correctly
- 1st clincial clue
- does the O2 sat dramatcially improve with minimal O2
YES ⇒ see normal Aa gradient
- normal Aa gradient
- alveolar and vessel are communicating
- elevated PaCO2 drives decrease PaO2
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- asthma
- opioid overdose
No ⇒ elevated Aa gradient
Listen, what do the lung says?
- normal breath ⇒ vessel problem
- abnormal 🙅 breath sounds ⇒ alveolar pattern
vessel problem
- blocked
- pulmonary embolism
- get CTPE
- bypassed?
- Pulm: AVMs
- Cardiac
- patent foramen ovale
- atrial septal defect/ventricular septal defect
- get transthoracic echo w/ bubble
alveolar pattern
positive imaging findings on chest radiograph or chestCT
-
pleural space
- air: pneumothorax
- fluid?
- Light’s criteria
- transudative
- congestive heart failure
- liver disease
- end-stage renal disease
- exudative
- infection
- cancer
- autoimmune
- transudative
- Light’s criteria
-
parenchymal: alveoli filled
- blood 🩸: malignancy
- pus: pneumonia
- water: pulmonary edema