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Clinical manifestations of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
PE: Pre-load 上升 ↑ ,有比較多血會在 ↣ 心臟、變得比較 ✖ 不那麼嚴重, ∴ 所以 murmur 會變小聲
- Dyspnea (90%):
- due to ↑ LVEDP,
- MR,
- and diastolic dysfunction
- Angina (25%) even w/o epicardial CAD; microvasc. dysfxn (NEJM 2003;349:1027)
- Arrhythmias (AF in 20-25%; VT/VF):
- palpitations,
- syncope,
- sudden cardiac arrest