Region or Exposure Common Etiologies -fever in a returned traveler

Sub-Saharan Africa

Malaria >> dengue and other arboviruses, rickettsial disease, enteric fever

South/Southeast Asia

Dengue > malaria, enteric fever (S. typhi/paratyphi), Chikungunya and other arboviruses

Central & S. America

Dengue, enteric fever, malaria

Caribbean & Mexico

Dengue >> Chikungunya and other arbovirsuses > enteric fever, malaria

Middle East

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, brucellosis

Freshwater swimming

Schistosomiasis, leptospirosis

Unpurified drinking water

Enteric disease (E. coli >> S. typhi, Campylobacter, hepatitis E > Vibrio cholerae), amoebic liver abscess

Lacking immunizations

HAV/HBV, S. typhi, influenza, measles, rubella, yellow fever