Treatment-hemoptysis
- Death is from asphyxiation窒息 not exsanguination;
- maintain gas exchange, reverse coagulopathy and Rx underlying condition;
- cough suppressant may ↑ risk of asphyxiation
- Inhaled tranexamic acid promising (Chest 2018;154:1379)
- nebulized TA (500 mg tid)
Massive hemoptysis:
- put bleeding side dependent;
- selectively intubate nl lung if needed
- Angiography: Dx & Rx (vascular occlusion balloons or selective embol of bronchial art)
- Rigid bronch: allows more options (electrocautery, laser) than flexible bronch
- Surgical resection