oxygenation

正常氧合(海平面)預測:

  • 氧分壓 (Pa o 2 ) 為 75–100 mm Hg,21% FiO2(室內空氣),PaO2 為 ~ 660 mm Hg,100% FiO2
  • 從輕度(異常 A-a 梯度)到重度(分流),氧合受損:
    • Pao2 < 200 mm Hg on Fio2 of 100% = “分流生理學”
    • 如果沒有“分流生理學”,Fio2 > 40%(~ > 6 L/min 通過鼻插管 (NC))應該給出 Pao2 > 60 mm Hg,儘管病理會導致 A-a 梯度異常增加
    • 6L的nc大概就要換來PaO2 60+
    • 表現出分流生理學的患者發生低氧性呼吸衰竭的風險很高,需要尋找根本原因,以及密切觀察和積極支持(例如胸部成像,100% Fi0 2 )

Hypoxemic respiratory failure is practically defined as a Pa o 2 < 60 mm Hg

  • 重要定義(數字要記一下60)

An acute drop in Pa o 2 < 60 mm Hg (but > 54 mm Hg), ie, “mild hypoxemia,” may cause a range of symptoms:

  • Increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) (a.k.a. heart failure)
  • 此外,Pao2 ( < 60 mm Hg ) 急劇下降的無症狀患者發生突然嚴重/危及生命的去飽和的風險增加(血紅蛋白-氧 [Hb-O2] 解離曲線的陡峭部分)

When patients in hypoxemic respiratory failure achieve a Pa o 2 > 60 mm Hg (without hyperventilation) no further increase in respiratory support aimed at improving oxygenation is required

  • 當低氧性呼吸衰竭患者的 Pa o 2 > 60 mm Hg(無過度通氣)時,無需進一步增加旨在改善氧合的呼吸支持

A low O 2 saturation, occurring with a Pa o 2 > 60 mm Hg , indicates acidosis (causing Hb desaturation), not hypoxemic respiratory failure

  • 注意:hypoxgemic respiratory failure 不等於 metabolic acidosis,兩者發生的清況很不一樣,一個是血中無氧,一個是因為酸性環境讓Hb把氧丟掉

Hemoglobin–oxygen dissociation curve