Signs and Symptoms of Uremia -chronic kidney disease (CKD)

(NEJM 2018;379:669)

General

Nausea, anorexia, malaise, uremic fetor, metallic taste, hypothermia

Skin

Uremic frost (white crystals in & on skin), pruritus, calciphylaxis

Neurologic

Encephalopathy (Δ MS, ↓ memory & attention), seizures, neuropathy, impaired sleep, restless leg syndrome

Cardiovascular

Pericarditis, atherosclerosis, HTN, CHF, cardiomyopathy (LVH)

Hematologic

Anemia, bleeding (due to platelet dysfunction and Epo deficiency)

Metabolic

↑ K, ↑ PO4, acidosis, ↓ Ca, 2° hyperparathyroidism, osteodystrophy