Etiologies of ↩ Prolonged-QT-interval

👉 causes and potentiators of ↩ the long QT syndrome

• Antiarrhythmics

  • class Ia (procainamide, - disopyramide),
  • class III (amio,
  • sotalol,
  • dofet)

• Psych drugs

  • antipsychotics (phenothiazines,
    • haloperidol, atypicals),
    • Li,
    • ? SSRI,
    • TCA

• Antimicrobials

  • macrolides,
  • quinolones,
  • azoles,
  • pentamidine,
  • atazanavir

• Other:

  • antiemetics (droperidol, 5-HT3 antagonists),
  • alfuzosin,
  • methadone,
  • ranolazine

• Electrolyte disturbances:

  • hypoCa (nb, hyperCa a/w ↓ QT),
  • ± hypoK,
  • ? hypoMg

• Autonomic dysfxn:

  • ICH (deep TWI),
  • Takotsubo,
  • stroke,
  • CEA,
  • neck dissection

• Congenital (long QT syndrome)

• K, Na, & Ca channelopathies (Circ 2013;127:126)

• Misc:

• CAD, CMP, bradycardia, high-grade AVB, hypothyroidism, hypothermia, BBB