Common biases in clinical reasoning

Availability

下了自己熟的的診斷 Considering easily remembered diagnoses more likely irrespective of prevalence

Base rate neglect

找了斑馬 Pursuing “zebras”

Representativeness

忽略了怪怪的地方 Ignoring atypical features that are inconsistent with the favored diagnosis

Confirmation bias

已經有了成見 Seeking data to confirm, rather than refute the initial hypothesis

Premature

太早下了診斷 closure Stopping the diagnostic process too soon