clinical manifestations-anemia

  • Symptoms:
    • ↓ O2 delivery → fatigue,
    • exertional dyspnea,
    • angina (if CAD)
  • Signs:
    • pallor (mucous membranes, palmar creases),
    • tachycardia,
    • orthostatic hypotension
  • 白、心跳、姿態低血壓
  • Other findings:
    • jaundice (hemolysis),
    • splenomegaly (thalassemia, neoplasm, chronic hemolysis),
    • petechiae/purpura (bleeding disorder),
    • glossitis (iron, folate, vitamin B12 defic.),
    • koilonychia (iron defic.),
    • neurologic abnormalities (B12 defic.)

其他症狀: 從頭到腳

  • 眼:黃疸(溶血)
  • 口:舌炎(鐵、葉酸、維生素 B12 缺乏)
  • 腹:脾臟肥大(地中海貧血、腫瘤、慢性溶血)
  • 手:匙狀爪(鐵缺乏)
  • 腳:紅斑瘀斑(出血疾病)
  • 神經學異常(B12 缺乏)