proteinuria

Etiologies of Proteinuria

Urine dipstick

• 1+ ≈30 mg/dL, 2+ ≈100 mg/dL, 3+ ≈300 mg/dL, 4+ >2 g/dL; interpretation depends on SG; eg, 3+ in very concentrated urine might not indicate heavy proteinuria

• Insensitive for microalbuminuria and myeloma light chains (Bence-Jones protein)

Spot urine

Moderate albuminuria

(30–300 mg/d or mg/L or mg/g Cr): early sign of glomerular vascular disease; marker for ↑ risk of CV adverse outcomes (KI 2013;3:19)

• Orthostatic proteinuria