Clinical manifestations-hypokalemia

• Nausea, vomiting, ileus, weakness, muscle cramps, rhabdomyolysis, ↓ insulin secretion

• Renal: ammoniagenesis, phosphaturia, hypocitraturia, NaCl & HCO3 retention, polyuria

• ECG: may see U waves, ↑ QT, flat Tw, ST depression, ventricular ectopy (PVCs, VT, VF)