Etiologies of hypercortisolism

• Most commonly iatrogenic caused by exogenous glucocorticoids (though underreported)
• Cushing’s disease (60–70% of non-iatrogenic CS):
  • ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (usually microadenoma) or hyperplasia
  • Adrenal tumor (10–15%): adenoma or (rarely) carcinoma
  • Ectopic ACTH (10–15%): 做 abd + pelvis CT
    • SCLC,
    • carcinoid,
    • islet cell tumors,
    • medullary thyroid carcinoma
    • pheochromocytoma