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🌱 來自: electrocardiography

EKG pocket brain

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original: PocketBrain

00.6 – ECG Crib Sheet

00.7 – The 6 Essential Lists

01.0 – Review of Basics

01.1 – Systematic Approach to 12-Lead ECG Interpretation

01.2 – The 2 Steps to Systematic Interpretation

01.3 – WHY 2 Separate Steps for Interpretation?

02.0 – Rate & Rhythm

02.1 – Assessing the 5 Parameters of Rhythm

02.2 – Calculating Rate The Rule of 300

02.3 – how to define sinus rhythm?

02.4 – FIGURE 02.4-1: Is the Rhythm Sinus?

02.5 – sinus mechanism rhythms arrhythmias

02.6 – Norms for Children: Different than Adults

02.7 – sinus arrhythmia

02.8 – FIGURE 02.8-1: What Happens to the P in Lead II?

02.9 – FIGURE 02.9-1: When there is NO long Lead II Rhythm Strip …

02.10 – *Advanced *POINT: what is a wandering pacemaker?

02.11 – FIGURE 02.11-1: why is this not wandering pacer?

02.12 – other supraventricular rhythms

02.13 – FIGURE 02.13-1: Why is this Rhythm Supraventricular?

02.14 – atrial fibrillation

02.15 – *Advanced *POINT: very fast Afib — Think WPW!

02.16 – multifocal atrial tachycardia

02.17 – FIGURE 02.17-1: why is this not Afib?*

02.18 – atrial flutter

02.19 – FIGURE 02.19-1: Easy to Overlook AFlutter …

02.20 – how not to overlook Aflutter (Figure 02.19-1)

02.21 – FIGURE 02.21-1: vagal maneuvers to confirm AFlutter

02.22 – FIGURE 02.22-1: Some KEY Aspects about AFlutter

02.23 – TRACING B: AFlutter with 3 to 1 AV Conduction

02.24 – TRACING C: AFib-Flutter

02.25 – TRACING D: AFlutter vs Artifact

02.26 – Use of VAGAL Maneuvers (Carotid Massage, Valsalva)

02.27 – FIGURE 02.27-1: Clinical Response to Vagal Maneuvers

02.28 – *Using *ADENOSINE = “Chemical” Valsava

02.29 – PSVT/AVNRT

02.30 – FIGURE 02.30-1: Retrograde Conduction with PSVT

02.31 –* The “Every-other-Beat” *Method (for fast rates)

02.32 –* Junctional* Rhythms

02.33 –* Junctional* Rhythms: P Wave Appearance in Lead II

02.34 –* Junctional* Rhythms: Escape vs Accelerated

02.35 –* Low Atrial vs Junctional* Rhythm?

02.36 – VENTRICULAR (= wide QRS) Rhythms

02.37 – Slow IdioVentricular Escape Rhythm

02.38 – AIVR

02.39 – Ventricular Tachycardia

02.40 –* ESCAPE* Rhythms: ECG Recognition

02.41 – PRACTICE TRACINGS: What is the Rhythm?

02.42 – PRACTICE: Tracing A

02.43 – PRACTICE: Tracing B

02.44 – PRACTICE: Tracing C

02.45 – PRACTICE: Tracing D

02.46 – PRACTICE: Tracing E

02.47 – LIST #1: Regular WCT

02.48 – List #1: KEY Points

02.49 – *Suggested *Approach to WCT/Presumed VT

02.50 – Use of the 3 Simple Rules

02.51 – FIGURE 02.51-1: 12 Leads are BETTER than One

02.52 – LIST #2: Regular SVT

02.53 – The Regular SVT: — Differential Diagnosis?

02.54 – Suggested Treatment Approach for a Regular SVT

02.55 – FIGURE 02.55-1: Which SVT is present?

02.56 – Premature Beats

02.57 – ESCAPE Beats: Timing is Everything …

02.58 –* Narrow-Complex *Escape Beats

02.59 – PVC Definitions: Repetitive Forms and Runs of VT

02.60 –* Blocked* PACs/Aberrant Conduction

02.61 – PRACTICE Tracings-2: What is the Rhythm?

02.62 – PRACTICE: Tracing F

02.63 – PRACTICE: Tracing G

02.64 – PRACTICE: Tracing H

02.65 – PRACTICE: Tracing I

02.66 – PRACTICE: Tracing J

02.67 – AV Blocks / AV Dissociation

02.68 – Blocked PACs: Much More Common than AV Block

02.69 – The 3 Degrees of AV Block

02.70 – 1st Degree AV Block

02.71 – The 3 Types of 2nd Degree AV Block

02.72 – Mobitz I 2nd Degree AV Block (= AV Wenckebach)

02.73 – Mobitz II 2nd Degree AV Block

02.74 – 2-to-1 AV Block: Mobitz I or Mobitz II?

02.75 – 3rd Degree (Complete) AV Block

02.76 – PEARLS for Recognizing/Confirming Complete AV Block

02.77 – AV Dissociation

02.78 – FIGURE 02.78-1: Is there any AV Block?

02.79 – SUMMARY: Complete AV Block vs AV Dissociation

02.80 – High-Grade 2nd-Degree AV Block

02.81 – *Ventricular *Standstill vs AV Block

02.82 – Hyperkalemia vs AV Block

02.83 – FIGURE 02.83-1: Is there any AV Block at all?

03.0 – Doing an ECG / Technical Errors

03.1 – Limb Leads: Basic Concepts/Placement

03.2 – Why 10 Electrodes but 12 Leads?

03.3 – Derivation of the Standard Limb Leads (Leads I,II,III)

03.4 – The 3 Augmented Leads (Leads aVR,aVL,aVF)

03.5 – The Hexaxial Lead System

03.6 – Precordial Lead Placement

03.7 – Use of Additional Leads

03.8 –* Technical* Errors: Angle of Louis and Lead V1

03.9 –* Technical* Mishaps: Important Caveats

03.10 –* Important* Concepts: Lead Misplacement/Dextrocardia

03.11 – Dextrocardia:* ECG Recognition*

03.12 – PRACTICE: Identifying Technical Errors

03.13 – PRACTICE: Tracing A

03.14 – PRACTICE: Tracing B

03.15 – PRACTICE: Tracing C

03.16 – PRACTICE: Tracing D

**03.16.1 – ADDENDUM: Prevalence/Types of Limb Lead Errors

03.16.2 – ECG Findings that Suggest Limb Lead Misconnection

03.17 – PRACTICE: Tracing E

03.18 – PRACTICE: Tracing F

03.19 – PRACTICE: Tracing G

03.20 – PRACTICE: Tracing H

03.21 – PRACTICE: Tracing I

03.22 – PRACTICE: Tracing J

03.23 – PRACTICE: Tracing K

04.0 – Intervals (PR/QRS/QT)

04.1 – What are the 3 Intervals in ECG Interpretation?

04.2 – The PR Interval: What is Normal?

04.3 – The PR Interval: Clinical Notes

04.4 – Memory Aid: How to Recall the 3 ECG Intervals

05.0 – Bundle Branch Block/IVCD

05.1 – The QRS Interval: What is Normal QRS Duration?

05.2 – IF the QRS is Wide: *What Next? *(BBB Algorithm)

05.3 – FIGURE 05.3-1: Why the Need for the BBB Algorithm?

05.4 – Typical RBBB: Criteria for ECG Recognition

05.5 – RBBB: Clinical Notes

05.6 – Typical LBBB: Criteria for ECG Recognition

05.7 – FIGURE 05.7-1: LBBB alters Septal Activation

05.8 – FIGURE 05.8-1: *Clinical *Example of *Complete *LBBB

05.9 – LBBB: Clinical Notes

05.10 –* Incomplete *LBBB: Does it Exist?

05.11 – IVCD: Criteria for ECG Recognition

05.12 – IVCD: Clinical Notes

05.13 – FIGURE 05.13-1: *Clinical *Example of IVCD

05.14 – ST-T Wave Changes: What Happens with BBB?

05.15 – FIGURE 05.15-1: Assessing ST-T Wave Changes with BBB

05.16 – RBBB Equivalent Patterns

05.17 – FIGURE 05.17-1: Is this RBBB?

05.18 –* Incomplete *RBBB: How is it Diagnosed?

05.19 – PRACTICE: Bundle Branch Block

05.20 – PRACTICE: Tracing A

05.21 – PRACTICE: Tracing B

05.22 – PRACTICE: Tracing C

05.23 – PRACTICE: Tracing D

05.24 – Diagnosing BBB + Acute MI

05.25 – Begin with the ST Opposition Rule

05.26 – RBBB: You Can See Q Waves!

05.27 –* Underlying *RBBB: How to Diagnose Acute MI?

05.28 – Underlying LBBB: How to Diagnose Acute MI?

05.29 – FIGURE 05.29-1: Acute STEMI despite LBBB/RBBB?

05.30 – Diagnosing BBB + LVH

05.31 – LBBB: What Criteria to Use for LVH/RVH?

05.32 – RBBB: What Criteria to Use for LVH/RVH?

05.33 – Brugada Syndrome

05.34 – ECG Recognition: Distinction Between Type I and II

05.35 –* WHAT to DO? - when a Brugada Pattern is Found?*

05.36 – WPW (Wolff-Parkinson-White)

05.37 – WPW: Pathophysiology / ECG Recognition

05.38 – WPW: The “Great Mimic” of other Conditions

05.39 – FIGURE 05.39-1: Recognizing WPW on a 12-Lead

05.40 – FIGURE 05.40-1: Recognizing WPW

05.41 – FIGURE 05.41-1: Atypical RBBB or WPW?

05.42 – WPW Addendum #1: How to Localize the AP?

05.43 – WPW: The Basics of AP Localization

05.44 – FIGURE 05.44-1: Where is the AP?

05.45 – FIGURE 05.45-1: Where is the AP?

05.46 – FIGURE 05.46-1: Where is the AP?

05.47 – Addendum #2: Arrhythmias with WPW

05.48 – PSVT with WPW: When the QRS During Tachycardia is Narrow

05.49 – Very Rapid AFib with WPW

05.50 – Atrial Flutter with WPW

05.51 – PSVT with WPW: When the QRS is Wide

05.52 – FIGURE 05.52-1: VT or WPW? What to Do?

06.0 – QT Interval / Torsades de Pointes

06.1 – How to Measure the QT

06.2 – LIST #3: Causes of QT Prolongation

06.3 – A Closer Look at LIST #3: Drugs – Lytes – CNS

06.4 – Conditions* Predisposing* to a Long QT/Torsades

06.5 – The QTc: Corrected QT Interval

06.6 – Torsades: WHY Care about QT Prolongation?

06.7 – FIGURE 06.7-1: Torsades vs PMVT vs Something Else?

06.8 – FIGURE 06.8-1: Is the QT Long?

06.9 – FIGURE 06.9-1: Is the QT Long?

06.10 – QTc Addendum: ***Using/Calculating the QTc ***

06.11 – BEYOND-the-Core: Estimating the QTc Yourself

06.12 – FIGURE 06.12-1: Approximate the QTc

06.13 – FIGURE 06.13-1: Approximate the QTc

07.0 – Determining Axis / Hemiblocks

07.0 – Determining Axis / Hemiblocks

07.1 – Overview: Limb Lead Location

07.2 – AXIS: The Quadrant Approach

07.3 – AXIS: The Concept of Net QRS Deflection

07.4 – FIGURE 07.4-1: How to Rapidly Determine Axis Quadrant

07.5 – AXIS: Refining the Quadrant Approach

07.6 – FIGURE 07.6-1: What is the Axis?

07.7 – FIGURE 07.7-1: What is the Axis?

07.8 – FIGURE 07.8-1: What is the Axis?

07.9 – Hemiblocks: LAHB and LPHB

07.10 – Hemiblocks: Anatomic Considerations

07.11 – *Advanced *Concept: LSFB (a 3rd type of Fascicular Block)

07.12 – Hemiblocks: An Approach to Rapid ECG Diagnosis

07.13 – LAHB: *ECG Diagnosis = “pathologic” *LAD

07.14 – FIGURE 07.13-1: *Is there LAD? *IF so — Is there LAHB?

07.15 – SUMMARY: ECG Diagnosis of LAHB in ‹3 Seconds

07.16 – Bifascicular Block

07.17 – Definition/Types of Bifascicular Block

07.18 – RBBB/LAHB: ECG Recognition

07.19 – The Meaning of “Axis” when there is RBBB

07.20 – Clinical Implications of Bifascicular Block

07.21 – RBBB/LPHB: ECG Recognition

07.22 – RBBB/LPHB: Finer Points on ECG Recognition

07.23 – FIGURE 07.23-1: Is there Bifascicular Block?

07.24 – FIGURE 07.24-1: Is there Bi- or Tri-Fascicular Block?

07.25 – FIGURE 07.25-1: Isolated LPHB vs Right Axis Deviation?

08.0 – LVH: Chamber Enlargement

08.1 – ECG Diagnosis of LVH: Simplified Criteria

08.2 – LVH: Physiologic Rationale for Voltage Criteria

08.3 – LVH: ECG Diagnosis using Lead aVL

08.4 – FIGURE 08.4-1: Is there Voltage for LVH?

08.5 – Standardization Mark: Is Standardization Normal?

08.6 – LVH: Additional Voltage Criteria

08.7 – LVH: Voltage Criteria for Patients Less than 35

08.8 – FIGURE 08.8-1: Which Leads for What with LVH?

08.9 – LV “Strain”: ECG Recognition

08.10 – LV “Strain”: Voltage for LVH vs True Chamber Enlargement

08.11 – FIGURE 08.11-1: Is there True Chamber Enlargement?

08.12 – Can there be both LV “Strain” and Ischemia?

08.13 – Strain “Equivalent” Patterns: Clinical Implications

08.14 – Atrial Enlargement

08.15 – Terminology: Enlargement vs Abnormality?

08.16 – FIGURE 08.16-1: ECG Criteria for RAA/LAA

08.17 –* Physiologic Rationale for Normal P Wave Appearance*

08.18 – A Closer Look: The P Wave with Normal Sinus Rhythm

08.19 – ECG Diagnosis of RAA: P Pulmonale

08.20 – ECG Diagnosis of LAA: P Mitrale

08.21 – FIGURE 08.21-1: Is there ECG Evidence of RAA/LAA?

08.22 – FIGURE 08.22-1: Is there ECG Evidence of RAA/LAA?

08.23 – RVH/Pulmonary Disease

08.24 – ECG Diagnosis of RVH: Simplified Criteria

08.25 – ECG Diagnosis: Review of Specific RVH Criteria

08.26 – RVH: Review of Additional Criteria

08.27 –* Schamroth’s* Sign for RVH: A Null Vector in Lead I

08.28 – RVH: Tall R Wave in V1; RV “Strain”

08.29 – Schematic FIGURE 08.29-1: Example of RVH + RV “Strain”

08.30 – Schematic FIGURE 08.30-1: Example of “Pulmonary” Disease

08.31 – Pediatric RVH: A few Brief Thoughts …

08.32 – FIGURE 08.32-1: Is there RVH?

08.33 – FIGURE 08.33-1: Is there RVH?

08.34 – Acute Pulmonary Embolus

08.35 – Acute PE: Key Clinical Points

08.36 – FIGURE 08.36-1: *Should You Look for an *S1-Q3-T3?

08.37 – FIGURE 08.37-1: The Cause of Anterior T Inversion?

08.38 – FIGURE 08.38-1: Is there Acute Anterior STEMI?

09.0 – Q-R-S-T Changes

09.1 – FIGURE 09.1-1: Assessing Q-R-S-T Changes

09.2 – Septal Depolarization: Reason for Normal Septal Q Waves

09.3 – Precordial Lead Appearance: What is Normal?

09.4 – Basic Lead Groups: Which Leads look Where?

09.5 – R Wave Progression: Where is Transition?

09.6 –* Old* Terminology: R Wave Progression – CW, CCW Rotation

09.7 – FIGURE 09.7-1: Poor R Wave Progression

09.8 – FIGURE 09.8-1: Anterior MI vs Lead Placement Error?

09.9 – FIGURE 09.9-1: What is the Cause of PRWP?

09.10 – FIGURE 09.10-1: QS in V1,V2 vs Anterior MI?

09.11 – FIGURE 09.11-1: PRWP from LVH vs Anterior MI?

09.12 – FIGURE 09.12-1: Normal Q Waves; Normal T Inversion

09.13 – FIGURE 09.13-1: Inferior Infarction/Ischemia?

09.14 – ST Elevation: Shape/What is the Baseline?

09.15 – ST Elevation or Depression: What is the Baseline?

09.16 – J-Point ST Elevation: Recognizing the J-Point

09.17 – SHAPE of ST Elevation: More Important than Amount!

09.18 – HISTORY: Importance of Clinical Correlation

09.19 – FIGURE 09.19-1: Early Repolarization or Acute MI?

09.20 – What is* EARLY* REPOLARIZATION?

09.21 –* Early* Repolarization: Variations in the Definition

09.22 – ERP: Is Early Repolarization Benign?

09.23 – FIGURE 09.23-1: Acute MI or Repolarization Variant?

09.24 – FIGURE 09.24-1: Acute MI or Repolarization Variant?

09.25 – ST Segment Depression

09.26 – LIST #4: Causes of ST Depression

09.27 – ST-T Wave Appearance: A Hint to the Cause

09.28 – FIGURE 09.28-1: What is the Cause(s) of ST Depression?

09.29 – Recognizing Subtle ST Changes: ST Segment Straightening

09.30 – FIGURE 09.30-1: Are the ST Segments Normal?

**09.31 – Clinical Uses of Lead aVR

09.32 – Lead aVR: Recognizing Lead Misplacement/Dextrocardia

09.33 – Lead aVR: in Acute Pulmonary Embolus

09.34 – Lead aVR: in Acute Pericarditis

09.35 – Lead aVR: in Atrial Infarction

09.36 – Lead aVR: in Supraventricular Arrhythmias

09.37 – Lead aVR: for Definitive Diagnosis of VT

09.38 – Lead aVR: in TCA Overdose

09.39 – Lead aVR: in Takotsubo Syndrome

09.40 – Lead aVR: Severe CAD/Left Main Disease

10.0 – Acute MI / Ischemia

10.1 – The Patient with Chest Pain: WHY Do an ECG?

10.2 – What is a “Silent” MI?

10.3 – The ECG in Acute MI: What are the Changes?

10.4 – ECG Indicators: 1) ST Segment Elevation

10.5 – ECG Indicators of Acute MI: 2) T Wave Inversion

10.6 – ECG Indicators of Acute MI: 3) Q Waves

10.7 – Q Waves: Why Do they Form?

10.8 – ECG Terminology: Distinction between Q, q and QS waves?

10.9 – Summary: When are Q Waves Normal?

10.10 – ECG Indicators of Acute MI: 4) ST Segment Depression

**10.11 – Acute MI: *The Sequence of ECG Changes ***

10.12 – Variation in the Sequence of Acute MI Changes

10.13 – KEY Points: ECG Changes of Acute MI

10.14 – Assessing Acute ECG Changes

10.15 – FIGURE 10.15-1: Use of Serial ECGs in Acute STEMI

**10.16 – The Coronary Circulation **

10.17 – Overview of Normal Coronary Anatomy & Variants

10.18 – The RCA:* Taking a Closer Look*

10.19 – The LEFT Coronary Artery:* Taking a Closer Look*

10.20 – LEFT-Dominant Circulation:* Taking a Closer Look*

10.21 – LAD “Wrap-Around”:* Taking a Closer Look*

10.22 – Identifying the “Culprit” Artery

10.23 – Acute RCA Occlusion

10.24 – Acute LMain Occlusion

10.25 – Acute LAD Occlusion

10.26 – Anterior ST Elevation:* Not Always an Anterior MI*

10.27 – Acute Occlusion of an LAD “Wrap-Around”

10.28 – Acute LCx (Left Circumflex) Occlusion

10.29 – Acute Right Ventricular Infarction

10.30 – Acute RV MI: Hemodynamics

10.31 – Acute RV MI: Use of Right-Sided Leads

10.32 – Acute RV MI: Making the Diagnosis by ECG

10.33 – Posterior MI: Use of the Mirror Test

10.34 – BEYOND-the-Core: Is there Truly a Posterior Wall?

10.35 – FIGURE 10.35-1: Applying the Mirror Test

10.36 – FIGURE 10.36-1: Anatomic Landmarks for Posterior Leads

10.37 – FIGURE 10.37-1: Isolated Posterior Infarction

10.38 – Acute MI: PRACTICE Tracings

10.39 – FIGURE 10.39-1: What is the “Culprit” Artery?

10.40 – Schematic PRACTICE Tracings: Acute MI/Ischemia

10.40.1 – FIGURE 10.40-1: Ischemia/Infarction?

10.40.2 – FIGURE 10.40-2: Ischemia/Infarction?

10.40.3 – FIGURE 10.40-3: Ischemia/Infarction?

10.40.4 – FIGURE 10.40-4: Ischemia/Infarction?

10.40.5 – FIGURE 10.40-5: Ischemia/Infarction?

10.40.6 – FIGURE 10.40-6: Ischemia/Infarction?

10.40.7 – FIGURE 10.40-7: Ischemia/Infarction?

10.40.8 – FIGURE 10.40-8: How to “Date” an Infarct?

10.40.9 – FIGURE 10.40-9: Ischemia/Infarction?

10.40.10 – FIGURE 10.40-10: Ischemia/Infarction?

10.40.11 – FIGURE 10.40-11: Ischemia/Infarction?

10.40.12 – FIGURE 10.40-12: Ischemia/Infarction?

10.41 – LIST #5: Ant. ST Depression with Acute Inf. MI

10.42 – LIST #5: Causes of Anterior ST Depression

10.43 – FIGURE 10.43-1: Ant. ST Depression with Acute Inf. MI

10.44 – LIST #6: Tall R Wave in Lead V1

10.45 –* Normal* Appearance of the QRS in Lead V1

10.46 – The Purpose of List #6

10.47 – LIST #6: Causes of a Tall R Wave in Lead V1

10.48 – PRACTICE Tracings: The Cause of the Tall R in V1?

10.49 –* Hypertrophic* Cardiomyopathy: How to Recognize on ECG?

10.50 – FIGURE 10.50-1: WHY the Tall R in V1?

10.51 – Giant T Wave Syndrome **

10.52 –* When Inverted T Waves are GIANT in Size!*

10.53 – FIGURE 10.53-1: Cause of the Giant T Waves?

**10.54 – Wellens’ Syndrome

10.55 – *Wellens’ *Syndrome: Clinical Implications & ECG Recognition

10.56 – FIGURE 10.56-1: What Wellens’ Syndrome is Not!

10.57 – DeWinter T Waves

10.58 – ECG Recognition:* What are DeWinter T Waves?*

10.59 – DeWinter T Waves:* Clinical Characteristics*

10.60 – FIGURE 10.60-1:* What is the “Culprit” Artery?*

10.61 – Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy

10.62 – FIGURE 10.62-1: *Acute STEMI *— or Something Else?

10.63 – Takotsubo CMP: Clinical Features

10.64 – Muscular Dystrophy

10.65 – Muscular Dystrophy: Common ECG Abnormalities

10.66 – FIGURE 10.66-1: Abnormal ECG in a Young Subject

10.67 – Hypothermia (Osborn Wave)

10.68 – FIGURE 10.68-1: ECG Features of Hypothermia

11.0 – Electrolyte Disorders

11.1 – CALCIUM: ECG Changes of Hyper- & HypoCalcemia

11.2 – Figure 11.2-1: Acute STEMI or HyperCalcemia?

11.3 – HYPERKALEMIA: ECG Manifestations/Clinical Features

11.4 – Figure 11.4-1: Ventricular Rhythm vs Hyperkalemia?

11.5 – Figure 11.5-1: Ischemia vs Hyperkalemia?

11.6 – Figure 11.6-1: Hyperkalemia vs Normal Variant?

11.7 – HYPOKALEMIA: ECG Manifestations/Clinical Features

11.8 – HYPOMAGNESEMIA: Clinical Features/ ECG Signs

11.9 – U Waves: Definition/Clinical Significance

11.10 – Figure 11.10-1: Electrolyte Disturbance or Ischemia?

12.0 – Acute Pericarditis

12.1 – Acute Pericarditis: How to Make the Diagnosis?

12.2 – ECG FINDINGS of Acute Pericarditis

12.3 – Stage I of Acute Pericarditis

12.4 – PR Depression: How Helpful a Sign is this?

12.5 – What is Spodick’s Sign?

12.6 –* Differential* Diagnosis: Acute MI vs Early Repolarization?

12.7 –* Acute* Myocarditis/Endocarditis: ECG Changes?

12.8 – FIGURE 12.8-1: Acute MI or Pericarditis?

12.9 – FIGURE 12.9-1: Pericarditis or Early Repolarization?

13.0 – Computerized ECG Interpretations

13.1 – Computerized Systems: Pros & Cons

13.2 – Suggested Approach: How to Use the Computer

13.3 – FIGURE 13.3-1: Do You Agree with the Computer?

14.0 – Electrical Alternans

14.1 – Electrical Alternans: Definition/Features/Mechanisms

14.2 – Electrical Alternans: KEY Clinical Points

14.3 – FIGURE 14.3-1: Alternans in an SVT Rhythm?

14.4 – FIGURE 14.4-1: Alternans in a Patient with Lung Cancer?