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🌱來自: urothelial carcinoma

Workup-of-urothelial carcinoma

Evaluation of entire urinary tract: Cystourethroscopy, consider urine cytology (low sensitivity ∼34%, high specificity ∼98%) (Urology 2003;61:109), abd & upper tract imaging Initial cystoscopy includes bimanual exam under anesthesia to assess for locally advanced dz, bladder wash for cytology, visual inspection & tumors biopsied or transurethral resection, random bxs if positive urine cytology w/ no visible tumors If no muscle in specimen, strongly consider repeat TURBT-aim to correctly identify stage & grade while completely resecting all visible tumors UC are either low-grade or high-grade, w/ muscle-invasive dz almost always high-grade

Siblings

• Epidemiology-of-urothelial carcinoma
• Etiology and clinical manifestations-of-urothelial carcinoma
• Pathologic Subtypes-of-urothelial carcinoma
• Workup-of-urothelial carcinoma
• Staging and prognosis-of-urothelial carcinoma
• Management of Nonmuscle invasive UC
• Management of Muscle invasive UC
• Management Metastatic UC
• Cancers of the renal pelvis and ureter
• Molecular biology and targeted therapy-of-urothelial carcinoma