Clinical manifestations dx studies-hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state

(Diabetes Care 2014;37:3124)

• Volume depletion and Δ MS
• ↑ serum glc (usually >600 mg/dL) and ↑ meas. serum osmolality (>320 mOsm/L) effective Osm = 2 × Na (mEq/L) + glc (mg/dL)/18
• pH >7.3, no ketoacidosis; usually ↑ BUN & Cr; [Na] depends on glucose & dehydration