Thoracentesis

(ideally U/S guided) (NEJM 2006;355:e16) indications of thoracentesis

Diagnostic studies of thoracentesis

Complications: PTX (5–10%), hemothorax (~1%), re-expansion pulm edema (if >1.5 L removed), spleen/liver lac.;post-tap CXR not routinely needed (Annals 1996;124:816) ↓ PTX with U/S and experienced supervisor; even with INR ~1.9, on DOAC, or on clopi, risk of bleed low with U/S & experienced operator (Mayo 2019;94:1535)