Workup-acid-base disturbances

Traditional or physiologic approach (Brønsted-Lowry definition of acids & bases)

Alternative approaches

Base excess/deficit (NEJM 2018;378:1419) 參考 ➡️ Diagnostic use of base excess in acid–base disorders Diagnostic Use of Base Excess in Acid–Base Disorders Strong ion difference or “Stewart Method” (NEJM 2014;371:1821)

Mixed-disorders (more than one primary disorder at the same time)

小花圖 Figure 4-1 Acid-base nomogram

(Adapted from Brenner BM, ed., Brenner & Rector’s The Kidney, 8th ed., 2007; Ferri F, ed. Practical Guide to the Care of the Medical Patient, 7th ed., 2007)

ABG-vs-VBG