hypocalcemia
Etiologies of Hypocalcemia
Clinical manifestations-hypocalcemia
Diagnostic studies
- Ca,
- alb,
- ICa,
- PTH,
- 25-(OH)D, 1,25-(OH) 2D (if renal failure or rickets),
- Cr, Mg, PO4, Aϕ, UCa
- e.g. Ca low but PO4 high: consider something bind to Ca (Iatrogenic): blood transfusions
Treatment-hypocalcemia
- Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)
- Calcium Chloride