Etiologies-hemoptysis

(Crit Care Med 2000;28:1642)

I-N-C-V

• Parenchyma
  • Bronchitis 70%
  • Endobronchial lesions
  • cavitary leion
• Vascular
  • Artery
    • Pulmonary emolism / aneurysms
  • Capillary
    • DAH
    • AVM
  • Vein
    • CHF
    • PVOD

Infection/Inflammation

• Bronchitis (most common cause of trivial hemoptysis)
• Bronchiectasis incl CF (common cause of massive hemoptysis)
• TB or aspergilloma (can be massive); pneumonia or lung abscess

Neoplasm

• Usually primary lung cancer, sometimes metastasis (can be massive)

Cardiovasc

• PE (can be massive), pulmonary artery rupture (2° to instrumentation),
• CHF,
• mitral stenosis,
• trauma/foreign body,
• bronchovascular fistula

Other

• Vasculitis (GPA, anti-GBM, Behçet’s, SLE),
• AVM, anticoag (withunderlying lung disease),
• coagulopathy, cocaine,
• pulm hemosiderosis