Info
table of etiologies of hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid-Related
- Primary hyperparathyroidism
- Adenoma(s)
- Multiple endocrine neoplasia
- Carcinoma
- Lithium therapy
- Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia 💊
Malignancy-Related
- Solid tumor with metastases (breast)
- Solid tumor with humoral mediation of hypercalcemia (lung, kidney)
- Hematologic malignancies (multiple myeloma, lymphoma, leukemia) 🩸
Vitamin D-Related
- Vitamin D intoxication
- ↑ 1,25(OH)2D; sarcoidosis and other granulomatous diseases, lymphoma
- ↑ 1,25(OH)2D; impaired 1,25(OH)2D metabolism due to 24-hydroxylase deficiency or increased 1,25(OH)2D synthesis due to inactivating mutations involving the sodium-dependent phosphate co-transporters 💊
Associated with High Bone Turnover
- Hyperthyroidism
- Immobilization
- Thiazides
- Vitamin A intoxication
- Fat necrosis 💊
Associated with Renal Failure
- Severe secondary hyperparathyroidism
- Aluminum intoxication and adynamic bone disease
- Milk-alkali syndrome 💊