Risk factors for bloodstream infections

(JAMA 2012;308:502; CID;2020;71)

• Syndromes with high likelihood of bacteremia: Sepsis Endovascular infxns: endocarditis, infection of pacemaker, vascular graft or IV catheter vertebral osteomyelitis, epidural abscess, septic arthritis
• Risk factors: indwelling lines, IVDU, immunosupp. (neutropenic, transplant)
• Organisms More likely pathogenic: S. aureus, β-hemolytic strep, enterococci, GNR, S. pneumo, Neisseria, Candida Less likely pathogenic: coag-neg staph, diphtheroids, Cutibacterium
• Time to growth: <24 h → higher risk, >72 h → lower risk (except slow-growing, eg, HACEK)
• Factors increasing likelihood of endocarditis: high-grade bacteremia w/o source, persisting after line removal or drainage of focal source, in hosts at risk for endocarditis or w/ organisms known to cause IE; emboli

Backlink：

• Cutibacterium
• definitions of bacteremia
• vertebral osteomyelitis