Urine Dipstick

Specific gravity of Urine Dipstick

pH of Urine Dipstick

• Range: 4.5–8.5; useful in evaluation of stones, RTAs, infection (urease UTI)

Protein of Urine Dipstick

Blood

• Workup-of-hematuria
• ⊕ from RBCs, free Hgb, or free myoglobin (eg, rhabdo)
• False ⊕: semen, dilute urine (→ osmotic cell lysis), ↑ pH, vaginal blood
• False ⊖: vit C

WBC

• Suggests inflammation (UTI, interstitial nephritis, GN)

Ketones

• Detects acetoacetate (ie, ketoacidosis) but not β-hydroxybutyrate

Leuk est

• Lysed PMNs. Se 80% for UTI. FN: proteinuria, glycosuria FP: ↓ pH or SG

Nitrite

• Suggests presence of nitrate reductase ⊕ bacteria (most enteric GNRs)

Bilirubin

• ↑ in biliary or hepatic disease

Glucose

• ⊕ in hyperglycemia (>180 mg/dL), pregnancy, Fanconi’s syndrome, SGLT2i